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SparkNotes: Personality: Humanistic Theories
Learning theories can be used individually, group-wise or at a community level, not only for understanding and learning new things, but also for problem solving, changing the health habits, constructive communication, control emotions and affecting behavior development. Nevertheless, though there is a noteworthy influence, there is not the select affect on the behavior. Using a variety of learning strategies in the education of nursing students can better cover their needed aspects and keep their motivation to learning. The humanistic approach in psychology developed as a rebellion against what some psychologists saw as the limitations of the behaviorist and psychodynamic psychology. Learning is the relationship between new content and the learner's cognitive structure. Existence is associated with growth and change; essence signifies stagnation and finality.
The four levels lower-order needs are considered physiological needs, while the top level of the pyramid is considered growth needs. Trahair, Utopias and Utopians: an historical dictionary, Greenwood Press, 1999, p. One main concept of these theories is known as the Learning theory. In the article, it is emphasized on the application of the theory, especially in nursing education and the basic facts of each theory. Humanistic theory involves the development of an individual. Among this group, we will pay attention to analyze Wertheimer, Brunner, Ausubel theories, Ganyeh information processing model, in addition to its applications in nursing education.
Personality and its Affects on Behavior As said in the learning theory, humans will behave to the mutual benefit of their behavioral, environmental, and cognitive conditions. The subjective, conscious experiences of the individual is most important: Humanistic psychologists argue that objective reality is less important than a person's subjective perception and understanding of the world. High congruence leads to a greater sense of self-worth and a healthy, productive life. Kafka believed that these laws of understanding could be used as well as learning rules. Their main difference with the behaviorists is in this key aspect that they believe that by the observation of behavioral responses, it would be possible to realize the nature of internal cognitive processes, which cause those answers. Individuals that did not experience unconditional love and acceptance during childhood often have difficultly establishing healthy relationships.
Therefore, Thorndike learning method was named learning through trial and error. Then the student will begin taking the blood pressure concept by thinking about the image of a pump the heart with a number of narrow and wide tubes blood vessels and the blood flow inside. It follows that the study of the self, motivation, and goals are areas of particular interest. Humanism rejects scientific methodology like experiments and typically uses qualitative research methods. Roger's also believed it was important for people to love themselves and accept themselves, because these were steps to solving problems. The theory presents a cyclical model of learning, consisting of four stages shown below. Humanistic education also called person-centered education is an approach to education based on the work of , most notably and.
Anton Meamer discovered the age-old wisdom in the eighteenth century, early nineteenth. Behavior therapy techniques are used for the treatment of psychological problems, methods for improvement, behavior modification conflicts, disorders and criminal behavior, and mental retardation. Bandura believed the strong point of personal effectiveness heavily influenced just how an individual would react in any circumstance. How nurses approach patients is dependent on the level of expertise of the nurse. In the theory of constructiveness, the objective reality of the outside world transferred from the learner has not been granted and it is not assumed that the learner keeps a version of this world in mind by learning. In this nursing approach, there is no formulaic method or process in order to care for patients.
At first, the initial behaviors of each procedure are encouraged in order to implement the procedures fully. Rogers focused on the idea that we need to achieve consistency between these two selves. In addition, there is also a coding system, which the given facts were grouped by it and are related to each other. Esteem needs are the next type of need. Abraham Maslow has a humanistic theory that is based around self-actualization. This is the base of reception or assimilation theory. Humanistic therapy evolved from these theories.
Nursing educators can use these principles in the training sessions to be seen as a whole not as a collection of discrete facts. For example, rather than to teach the students for caring of a person with bronchitis, the created disturbance within body's physiology by the disease can be described and ask the nurse to analyze the problems that may occur to the patient. They believe that they play a role in determining their own behavior and so feel responsible for their own behavior. Chronicle Entry Groneg Francois U04A1 Leadership Learning Chronicle, Parts 1 and 2 Dr. A strong believer of free will, the humanistic perspective has always argued that despite environmental and biological factors, people have the ability to act and change in ways that they themselves govern. Bad experiences can lead to fear or anxiety.
Even aggressive needs will be matched and balanced by intrinsic goodness in congruent individuals. The theory explains that with the help of a humanistic therapist any individual can reach their full potential. Essentially, it does not immediately change the behavior. This approach assumes that only certain people are capable of being leaders and that the traits and skills cannot be learned. Matching Match the following theoretical components with their correct theorist or theorists.
